Eclpise of Sun seen from Manchester 1867

                             Eclipse of the Sun seen from Manchester in 1867

Early spectroscopic Changes in Gamma Cassiopeia seen with a Cooke

 

Early spectroscopic Changes in Gamma Cassiopeia seen with a Cooke

Stanley E. Percival, Merriott Vicarage, Somerset observing with a 3.75 inch Thomas Cooke and Sons telescope reported that the bright hydrogen line C has been very bright recently in Gamma Cassiopeia.

He reported on May 2^nd 1906 that he failed to see the C line, while on May 4^th he saw it quite distinctly. On May 18^th although the sky was clear and the spectrum steady he barely glimpsed it.

Gamma is the middle star in the 'W' of Cassiopeia

He notes that in Miss Clerke’s ‘Problems in Astrophysics’ page 248 that it has previously behaved in a capricious way, and if my small Cooke telescope is to be trusted it looks like it is doing so again.

Spectroscopic changes appear to have started around 1927 so this could be a much earlier report than is generally accepted. The spectroscopic variations did seem to occur some years before the light changes were detected.

James Nasmyth and his Cooke

 

James Nasmyth and his Cooke

1808-1890 Scottish engineer, philosopher and inventor of the Steam Hammer was also very interested in astronomy and when he retired from business in 1856 he moved to Penshurst in Kent to follow his interest in astronomy.

8 inch Cooke and Sons Telescope

In 1858 he purchased an 8 inch Cooke and Sons of York telescope which was complete in every respect possible. The telescope cost £600. Today that would be £75, 049!!

 

Eclipse of the Moon seen through a Cooke in Brighton in 1856

Brighton Gazette Thursday 16^th October 1856

ECLIPSE OF THE MOON. THE EDITOR THE BRIGHTON GAZETTE. Sir,—-

Perhaps the following description of the beautiful lunar eclipse that took place on Monday, as seen from Howell’s observatory, at Hove, may not be uninteresting to some of your readers.

The moon was shinning with intense brightness over the sea, in a cloudless sky, S. E by S., and at an elevation of about 45 degrees, when, punctual to the predicted time, 9h. 21m., a slight diminution of light was evident on the eastern limb of our satellite, like a very faint wash of Indian ink, and after little a while she advanced in her easterly course, dipping into the earth’s shadow, this latter appeared like a small dent in the moon’s side, gradually growing deeper and wider, until a large piece seemed to have been actually eaten away. At this time the indented part could not he distinguished from the surrounding ebon sky, but about half an hour from the commencement, carefully looking through Howell’s equatorial for the obscured portion, I could plainly distinguish it, clearly defined by a sharp edge and of a delicate roseate hue, and which, on my drawing their attention to it, was also seen by Captain Shay and the other gentleman present. As the eclipse proceeded and more of the moon’s disc became covered by the earth s umbra, the red color grew much stronger, pervading, though with unequal intensity, the whole portion of the disc on which the shadow was advancing like a smoky haze, with a very flat curved outline. In advance of the curved and coppery umbra a variable band of bluish tint gradually came into view, sometimes very light, which continued until the period of deepest immersion (l1h. 54m.), when a very small portion of the moon’s upper limb remained visible, and of a yellowish green colour. For a quarter of an hour the moon remained almost entirely buried in the earth’s shadow, but still visible, the larger portion being of coppery glow, but towards the upper limb dissolving into orange, this again into blue, and the very small segment at the top into yellowish green. The appearance of the moon was now very peculiar, like a transparent body crossed by coloured zones, parallel to our horizon.

As time proceeded, the moon was seen slowly rising above the shadow (at one time looking like a crescent with its horns turned downward), and as more of the illumined surface came into view the colours gradually faded away, in reverse order, until the finally disappeared at 27 minutes after midnight, at the south-west edge of the disc, the obscuration having lasted just three hours six minutes. The obscuration of the moon made a very perceptible difference to the brilliancy of Jupiter, situated about to the west, and also to that of the stars which shone brightly all around, and two small ones within 15 degrees of the Moon itself. For a short time after eleven o’clock few clouds passed over the moon, and then the sky remained clear again to the end.

A total eclipse of the moon occurred some years ago, when, contrary to the expectation of several of us who were observing it, the moon’s disc remained visible as an ill-defined circle of coppery red, even when completely buried in the earth’s shadow. Remembering this made me desirous of watching the eclipse of last night, to see whether any similar phenomena would be displayed during a partial obscuration, and which I expected, because the eclipse was so nearly total. The appearances presented last night could be seen with the naked eye; but through the telescope we could also see the whole surface of the moon, and plainly distinguish the various spots, lines, and circular ranges of mountains so well known to astronomers.

The cause of the singular and beautiful appearances witnessed by last night was the refraction and decomposition of the sun’s light in passing through the earth’s atmosphere; but those desirous of investigating the subject will find it fully explained, on mathematical principles, in Herschell’s Outlines of Astronomy, sections 421, 422, 423, and 425. BARCLAY PHILLIPS. 75, Lansdowne Place, Brighton,

The Earliest Thomas Cooke Advert I have Found So Far

 The Earliest Thomas Cooke Advert I Have Found So Far

Yorkshire Gazette Saturday 4^th March 1837

T. COOKE, WORKING OPTICIAN, &c, 50, STONEGATE, YORK.

Mathematical and Philosophical Instruments made and repaired on reasonable Terms.

A Cooke finds a Moon of Jupiter in the Wrong Place

 

A Cooke finds a Moon of Jupiter in the Wrong Place.

The Rev R J Gould at Mortimer Vicarage in Reading using a 5 inch Thomas Cooke and Sons of York telescope and was observing Jupiter on October 7^th 1868 at 11h and 43 mins when he noticed an error in the Nautical Almanac on page 480.

It stated that the 3^rd satellite will be on the west side of its primary in company with the 2^nd and 4^th; The fact was that it was on the east side with satellite number 1. The places of 2 and 4 were right enough but number 3 was certainly not so.

Gould goes on to say that we have no right to expect even the Nautical almanac to be absolutely free from errors and misprints, but I should like to know whether others have observed this or whether it can be shown to have been a mistake on the part of myself.

During the following days several observers confirmed Gould’s observations that the satellite was in the wrong place.

A Remarkable Meteor seen from York

 

A remarkable Meteor seen from York

J. Edmund Clark at York described a meteor he saw on March 1^st 1896 at 8h and 31 mins, it travelled from beta to alpha Canis Minoris. The meteor lasted for 6.5 seconds. Other observations from observers suggest that the meteor came from a radiant point of 18 degrees and with a declination of +5, this is in the constellation of Pisces. This is a position where no meteor shower is known to exist.

Today I suspect this meteor would be classified as a sporadic.