Edward Piggot 1753-1825
Born in Whitton in west London in 1753, with his father
Nathaniel Piggot he led a vagrant type life always travelling around, in
England and Europe in particular France. In Caen between 1763 and 1769 they
observed Partial eclipse of the Sun in 1765 and Transit of Venus in 1769.
Due to various
connections the Pigott`s were asked by Prime Minster Prince Staremberg to
complete a cartographic survey of the principal towns in the Austrian
Netherlands. Using a clock, and a 6 ft Dolland telescope. They measured the
locations of Namur, Luxembourg, Antwerp, Ostend, Tournay, Brussels and Louvain
in 1772/3.
In 1777 they moved back to England to Gloucestershire then
to Frampton House in Glamorganshire. Ships sailing up the river Severn often
grounded, the charts showed the river to be 20 miles between Llantwit Major and
Watchet in Somerset. The Piggots measured the distance and found it to be only
13 miles wide.
At this time they had between them the 6 ft Dolland, a 2.5
inch achromatic by Watkins, a 5 inch
reflector by Heath and Wing they
also had clocks, two mural quadrants in an observatory on two levels.
On March 23, 1779, from Frampton House in Glamorganshire Edward
Piggot discovered a "nebula" in Coma Berenices, which later became
known as M64 (Pigott 1781). Today M64 is known as the Black Eye Galaxy. This
discovery occurred just 12 days before that by Bode and roughly a year before
Messier's independent rediscovery of this object.
In 1781 they moved to York where they rebuilt their
observatory which was considered one of the best in the country in private
hands. Edward Pigott would work with
John Goodricke the deaf astronomer where they would become the ‘Fathers of
Variable Star Astronomy’.
They Piggots moved to York because in 1773 Lord Fairfax of Gilling
Castle had died leaving an unmarried daughter Lady Anne Fairfax as his heir to
the estate. The Piggots were distantly related to the Fairfax’s and Nathaniel
Piggot saw this as his chance to move in and take over the estate.
He persuaded Lady Anne Fairfax to let him run the estate;
she was duped into signing the estate to him. She only had one ally her
chaplain John Bolton, anyone who opposed Nathaniel Piggot was dealt with
harshly. The case would eventually go to court and there would be a private act
of Parliament which in 1802 allowed for Nathaniel Piggots second son Charles
Gregory to inherit everything rather the Edward.
Edward Piggot was completely different from his father and
was what we would describe today as being very easy going and laid back.
Nov 19th 1783 Edward Pigott discovered a comet in Cetus.
D/1783 W1 first Englishman to have discovered a comet, and then have it named after
him. It was around magnitude 6 and has
an orbital period of 5.89 years. The comet was then lost. On the night of
January 5, 2003, the Lincoln Near Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) program
located in New Mexico (USA) found an asteroid type object on three images obtained
using their 1.0-m telescope. It was then lost again. In 2010 the comet was re discovered
again and is now known as 226P/Pigott-LINEAR-Kowalski.
Piggots and Goodrickes knowledge of the sky was about to
provide a rich harvest. The night of September 10th 1784 was about to become a
night to remember. Goodricke discovered Beta Lyra an ellipsoidal variable while
Piggot discovered Eta Aquila a Cepheid variable.
After Goodrickes death in 1786 Piggot moved to the city of
Bath where in 1795 he discovered the variable stars R Scutum and R Corona
Borealis the famous star that often disappears from view for months at a time.
In 1802 while visiting friends in France during a period of
peace between the two countries he was detained when war broke out again and
placed under house arrest. However after the French government was petitioned
by French and British astronomers he was released and given safe passage to
Calais where he returned to England.
His last astronomical observations were of the great comet
of 1811.
Edward Piggot died on June 27, 1825.
