Venera 4
At 04.34 UT
on October 18th 1967 Venera 4 became the first probe to transmit
data from the atmosphere of another planet.
The scientific instruments had been turned on
5 minutes after separation at an altitude of about 55 km and remained on for 93
minutes, returning 23 sets of readings, until it reached an altitude of roughly
25 km, where it was destroyed by the
atmospheric pressure and very high temperature around 277 C. The probe
measured an atmospheric composition of 90 - 95% carbon dioxide.
It was initially believed that the probe had
reached the ground and the measured temperature and pressure represented the
surface values on Venus.
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